據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經產業(ye)(ye)景(jing)氣指數(shu)報告(gao)，2016年(nian)一(yi)季(ji)(ji)度，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經產業(ye)(ye)電力行業(ye)(ye)景(jing)氣指數(shu)為98.1，較2015年(nian)四(si)季(ji)(ji)度下(xia)降0.7點(dian)(dian)，比去年(nian)同期(qi)下(xia)降1.3點(dian)(dian)；二(er)(er)季(ji)(ji)度則表現為明顯(xian)上揚，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經產業(ye)(ye)電力行業(ye)(ye)指數(shu)為98.6，比一(yi)季(ji)(ji)度提(ti)高0.5點(dian)(dian)。雖然有所(suo)(suo)波動，但二(er)(er)季(ji)(ji)度恢復到去年(nian)同期(qi)水平。一(yi)季(ji)(ji)度，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經電力行業(ye)(ye)預警指數(shu)為75，較上一(yi)季(ji)(ji)度下(xia)跌(die)8.3點(dian)(dian)，再次進(jin)入偏冷的"淺(qian)藍燈區"；二(er)(er)季(ji)(ji)度，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經電力行業(ye)(ye)預警指數(shu)達到79.2，雖有所(suo)(suo)提(ti)高，但仍處于偏冷狀態。

電(dian)力(li)消費(fei)增(zeng)速(su)有(you)(you)所(suo)提(ti)高(gao)，用電(dian)結(jie)構繼續(xu)調(diao)整。中(zhong)電(dian)聯數據顯示(shi)，2016年(nian)(nian)上半年(nian)(nian)全社會(hui)用電(dian)量2.78萬億千瓦時，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)2.7%，增(zeng)速(su)比(bi)(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)提(ti)高(gao)1.4個百分點(dian)。其中(zhong)，第三產(chan)(chan)(chan)業用電(dian)量同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)9.2%，增(zeng)速(su)比(bi)(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)提(ti)高(gao)1.2個百分點(dian)；城鄉(xiang)居民生(sheng)活用電(dian)量同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)7.7%，比(bi)(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)提(ti)高(gao)2.9個百分點(dian)；第一(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業用電(dian)量同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)7.7%。第二產(chan)(chan)(chan)業用電(dian)量由(you)"降(jiang)轉(zhuan)增(zeng)"，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)0.5%，但制(zhi)造業用電(dian)量同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下降(jiang)0.3%，化學原(yuan)料制(zhi)品、非金屬礦物制(zhi)品、黑色(se)(se)金屬冶煉(lian)、有(you)(you)色(se)(se)金屬冶煉(lian)四大高(gao)耗能行(xing)業用電(dian)量同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下降(jiang)3.3%，降(jiang)幅比(bi)(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)擴大1.8個百分點(dian)。

電(dian)(dian)力(li)行(xing)業(ye)在"調(diao)結構(gou)"、"降(jiang)(jiang)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)"中(zhong)發(fa)揮重要作用(yong)。根據《關(guan)(guan)于降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)和一般工商(shang)業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格的(de)通(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)》，自2016年1月(yue)(yue)1日起，全國(guo)燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)平(ping)(ping)均每千瓦時(shi)下(xia)調(diao)約3分(fen)錢(qian)，一般工商(shang)業(ye)銷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)平(ping)(ping)均每千瓦時(shi)下(xia)調(diao)約3分(fen)錢(qian)，大(da)工業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格不作調(diao)整，減輕中(zhong)小微(wei)企業(ye)負擔。2016年1月(yue)(yue)，國(guo)家發(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委和工信(xin)部聯合(he)發(fa)布(bu)了(le)《關(guan)(guan)于水(shui)泥企業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)階(jie)梯電(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策(ce)有關(guan)(guan)問題的(de)通(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)》，對淘汰窯型(xing)以外的(de)通(tong)用(yong)硅酸鹽水(shui)泥生產用(yong)電(dian)(dian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)基于可比熟料(liao)（水(shui)泥）綜合(he)電(dian)(dian)耗水(shui)平(ping)(ping)標準的(de)階(jie)梯電(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策(ce)，進一步(bu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現"獎高(gao)罰低(di)"，同時(shi)各地可以結合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際情況(kuang)在上(shang)述規定基礎上(shang)進一步(bu)加大(da)階(jie)梯電(dian)(dian)價(jia)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施力(li)度。2016年6月(yue)(yue)國(guo)家發(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委發(fa)布(bu)通(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)，完善兩部制電(dian)(dian)價(jia)用(yong)戶(hu)基本(ben)(ben)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)執行(xing)方(fang)式，減輕大(da)工業(ye)用(yong)戶(hu)基本(ben)(ben)電(dian)(dian)費負擔，降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體經濟運行(xing)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。

電(dian)力行(xing)業發(fa)展(zhan)面(mian)臨挑(tiao)戰。2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，電(dian)力行(xing)業生(sheng)產者出(chu)廠價格(ge)延續2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)以來的(de)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)趨勢，而且降(jiang)幅有所擴(kuo)大(da)。雖然煤電(dian)價格(ge)繼續下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，但受電(dian)力價格(ge)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)等(deng)因素的(de)影響，電(dian)力行(xing)業收(shou)入和利潤均出(chu)現了下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，規模以上(shang)電(dian)力、熱力、燃氣及水(shui)生(sheng)產和供應業主營業務收(shou)入2.56萬億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)2.0%，實(shi)現利潤2260.08億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)3.7%。2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，全國主要發(fa)電(dian)企業電(dian)源工程完成投資(zi)1210億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)8.7%。其中，火電(dian)投資(zi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)6.4%，水(shui)電(dian)投資(zi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)17.9%，核(he)電(dian)投資(zi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長5.1%，風電(dian)投資(zi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)38.4%。

體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)問題(ti)是制(zhi)(zhi)約電(dian)力(li)(li)行業發展(zhan)的(de)關鍵性(xing)因(yin)素(su)。長期(qi)以來，我國(guo)電(dian)力(li)(li)行業市(shi)場體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)發展(zhan)緩慢，市(shi)場在(zai)配置資(zi)源(yuan)中的(de)決定性(xing)作用(yong)沒有(you)充分(fen)發揮(hui)，電(dian)力(li)(li)價(jia)格與市(shi)場供需狀況存在(zai)錯位，資(zi)源(yuan)不足(zu)和資(zi)源(yuan)過剩(sheng)現象并存，企業活力(li)(li)沒有(you)得到充分(fen)釋放，在(zai)一定程度上限制(zhi)(zhi)了(le)產業的(de)轉型升級。2015年《中共中央國(guo)務院關于進一步深化(hua)電(dian)力(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改革的(de)若干(gan)意見》提出了(le)建立健全電(dian)力(li)(li)行業"有(you)法可依(yi)、政企分(fen)開(kai)、主體(ti)規范、交易(yi)公平、價(jia)格合理、監管(guan)有(you)效"市(shi)場體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)總(zong)體(ti)要求，相(xiang)關工(gong)作取得了(le)一定進展(zhan)，但由(you)于影(ying)響(xiang)范圍(wei)廣、涉及利益主體(ti)多，電(dian)力(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改革仍存在(zai)較多困(kun)難。

深(shen)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)，推(tui)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)轉型(xing)升(sheng)級。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)屬于(yu)國民(min)經濟中的(de)(de)基礎性行(xing)(xing)業(ye)，深(shen)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)不僅是行(xing)(xing)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)內在要(yao)求，而(er)且(qie)對于(yu)提升(sheng)我國經濟活力(li)(li)(li)(li)具有重(zhong)要(yao)意(yi)義。目前，供(gong)給側結構性改革(ge)全面(mian)推(tui)進(jin)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)"去產(chan)(chan)能"、"調結構"壓力(li)(li)(li)(li)逐漸加大(da)。充分(fen)認識電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)，進(jin)一(yi)步理順(shun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)各環節(jie)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)關系，完善(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)易平臺，規范(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)易行(xing)(xing)為，突(tu)破電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)價格形成(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)瓶(ping)頸(jing)，強化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)基礎；積極推(tui)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)直接交(jiao)易，總結試點經驗(yan)，創新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)易機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，進(jin)一(yi)步發(fa)(fa)揮市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)易中的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)；完善(shan)市(shi)場(chang)退(tui)出(chu)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，注(zhu)重(zhong)發(fa)(fa)揮市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在淘汰落(luo)后產(chan)(chan)能中的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)；健全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)創新機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，關注(zhu)重(zhong)大(da)技(ji)(ji)術突(tu)破和重(zhong)要(yao)技(ji)(ji)術進(jin)展(zhan)，探討(tao)新一(yi)輪(lun)技(ji)(ji)術革(ge)命和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)革(ge)命對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，探索新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)運營模式，推(tui)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

原標題(ti):以體制(zhi)改(gai)革引領(ling)電力行業發展